Author: Arokiaraj Arputharaj

  • The Lonsdale-27 Scott St-FACADE COLUMNS

    The Lonsdale-27 Scott St-FACADE COLUMNS

    For the 27 Scott Street project, the client requested that the façade posts be installed with sufficient clearance so that the fixing anchors do not clash with the PT cable lines.

    We carefully followed the client’s requirements and coordinated the design to ensure that the anchors clear the PT cable lines. The steel was successfully erected without any issues.

    We would like to thank the client for giving us the opportunity to be part of this project.

  • Understanding PFC Shear Connection: A Practical Discussion

    Understanding PFC Shear Connection: A Practical Discussion


    Based on this scenario, what would you propose as an alternative to balance structural performance and fabrication efficiency? Share your thoughts in the comments!

    Introduction

    Shear connections play a crucial role in structural steelwork, ensuring the stability and strength of a framework. One common method is the extended shear plate connection, as seen in the R1 to J1 connection detail. However, this method introduces bolt eccentricity, which could impact the overall efficiency of the joint.

    The Challenge

    In the given design, the PFC (Parallel Flange Channel) shear connection is detailed using an extended shear plate. While this is a standard approach, it inherently results in increased eccentricity due to the offset load transfer through the bolts. This can lead to additional bending moments in the connection, requiring careful consideration in the design phase.

    Possible Solution

    A potential improvement is to introduce a cope in the PFC section and utilize a simple shear connection instead. This modification would:

    • Reduce bolt eccentricity
    • Simplify force transfer
    • Enhance structural performance

    However, this approach was not accepted by the client due to fabrication ease considerations.

    Key Learning for Junior Engineers

    This case highlights a key engineering principle: design optimization vs. fabrication practicality. While structural efficiency is paramount, practical considerations such as ease of fabrication, cost, and site constraints often dictate final design choices.

  • Erection Issue Eliminated Through Suggested Changes in the Splice Connection During Detail Engineering

    Erection Issue Eliminated Through Suggested Changes in the Splice Connection During Detail Engineering

    Issue Identified During Detail Engineering

    • During detail engineering, it was identified that the design specifies both-side web plates, with shop weld on one side and field bolts on the other.
    • This would have created a field erection issue, as the shop-welded web plate on both sides prevents secondary beam placement.

    Proposed Solution: Fully Bolted Connection

    • Use bolted connections on both sides instead of welding one side.
    • This allows the web plate to be shipped loose, making field installation easier.
    • At the site, the secondary beam can be placed first, followed by the web plate installation and bolting.
    • Factory-drilled holes ensure precise alignment and better quality.
    • Eliminates on-site welding hazards and inspection issues.

    Client Approval

    • The client accepted the suggestion due to its practical benefits and ease of installation.
    • The change improves efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and safety.

    Conclusion

    • Switching from welded-bolted to fully bolted improves constructability.
    • Ensures stronger, safer, and more efficient structural connections.
    • Small design changes can greatly impact project success.
  • 14 RIDGEWAY AVENUE, KEW

    14 RIDGEWAY AVENUE, KEW

    Author: RAJ (Arokiaraj Arputharaj), an expert in simplified structures for residential projects, also specializes in structural steel drafting.

    Simple to fabricate and easy to install, is the mantra when it comes to structural steel for residential.

    Residential projects run on a budget. When they do, cost saving detials are usually missed by the engineer and architect.

    At Tek1, we see, check and recommend cost saving alternatives. 90% of the time our proposals are accepted saving cost to fabricator and builder.

    Our simple philosophy is , if it complicated to detail, it will be more expensive for fabricator. Keep it simple.

  • NO 11 CATHERINE PDE FRANKSTON

    NO 11 CATHERINE PDE FRANKSTON

    Author: RAJ (Arokiaraj Arputharaj)

  • UPGRADED ROCK REVETMENT AT FLIGHT DECK

    UPGRADED ROCK REVETMENT AT FLIGHT DECK

    Author: RAJ (Arokiaraj Arputharaj)

  • Step-by-Step Guide to Commercial Stair Detailing (According to AS1428.1 and ABCB Housing Provisions Standard 2022)

    Step-by-Step Guide to Commercial Stair Detailing (According to AS1428.1 and ABCB Housing Provisions Standard 2022)

    If you would like me to assist with your project, please send an email to koshy@tek1.com.au with your project specifications. Kindly use ‘Raj’ as the subject header.

    Overview
    This guide provides instructions for designing and detailing commercial stairs per the Australian Standards AS1428.1 and ABCB Housing Provisions Standard 2022. These standards ensure safe and accessible stairways in commercial buildings, with specific provisions related to the National Construction Code (NCC) and the Disability (Access to Premises-Buildings) Standards.

    1. General Stair Requirements (Non-Spiral Stairs)

    • Riser Quantity: Each flight should have at least 2 risers but no more than 18 risers.
    • Riser Height: Must be between 115mm and 190mm.
    • Going Width (Tread Depth): Must be between 240mm and 355mm.
    • Stair Slope Rule: Follow the formula 2R+G, where:
      • Minimum Slope: 550mm
      • Maximum Slope: 700mm
    • Landing Requirement: Landings must be at least 750mm in length. If the landing changes direction, measure at least 500mm from the inside edge of the landing​(abcb-housing-provisions…).

    2. Spiral Stairs Specifics

    • Riser Quantity: Similar to regular stairs, spiral stairs must have at least 2 risers and no more than 18 in each flight.
    • Riser Height: Must be between 140mm and 220mm.
    • Going Width: Must be between 210mm and 370mm.
    • Stair Slope Rule: Use the formula 2R+G with the following limits:

    3. Landings Specifications

    • Minimum Length: Landings must be at least 750mm in length.
    • Directional Change: For landings with a change in direction, measure at least 500mm from the inside edge.
    • Gradient: The landing slope must not exceed 1:50 to ensure levelness while allowing for slight drainage.
    • Threshold Requirement: A threshold landing is required where there is a floor level change of more than 570mm or three risers​(abcb-housing-provisions…).

    4. Slope and Safety Measures

    • The 2R + G formula is essential for the slope and safety of both standard and spiral stairways, ensuring each stairway is easy to ascend and descend.
    • Open Risers: Risers must not have openings wide enough to allow a 125mm sphere to pass through, minimizing the risk of small children or objects falling through.
    • Tread Solidness: Stairs that are taller than 10m or connect more than three floors must have solid, non-perforated treads for additional safety​(abcb-housing-provisions…).

    5. Consistency in Dimensions

    • Uniformity Across Flights: All risers and goings within each flight should be consistent.
    • Permitted Variations: Adjacent risers and goings may vary up to 5mm, but the difference between the largest and smallest within a flight should not exceed 10mm​(abcb-housing-provisions…).

    6. Slip Resistance Requirements

    • Slip Resistance Testing: All treads, landings, and ramps should meet slip resistance classifications as per AS 4586. This includes:
      • Dry Conditions: Minimum P3 or R10 for treads; P3 for nosing or landing edge strips.
      • Wet Conditions: Minimum P4 or R11 for treads; P4 for nosing or landing edge strips​(abcb-housing-provisions…).

    7. Barriers and Handrails

    • Barrier Height: Barriers should be at least 865mm above the nosing of stair treads, and 1m above landings and other access surfaces.
    • Handrails: Must be placed on at least one side of the stairway, running the full length of each flight and at a height of no less than 865mm.
    • Opening Limitations: No opening in the barrier should allow a 125mm sphere to pass through​(abcb-housing-provisions…).

    By following these steps, builders and architects can ensure that commercial stairs meet the safety and accessibility requirements established in AS1428.1 and the ABCB Housing Provisions Standard 2022.